Due to variation in refractive indices, one particular ray will go through the crystal in a slower amount than the other ray. Basically, the velocity from the slower ray is going to be retarded with regard to your faster ray. This retardation price (the relative retardation) may be quantitatively decided applying the subsequent equation:For optical… Read More

Wire-noticed wafer slicing is one of the vital generation technologies for industrial crystalline silicon PV cells, and enhancements in wafer slicing technologies have resulted in a reduction in Uncooked wafer thickness from 370 ?m to 180 ?m considering that 1997 for Sharp industrial polycrystalline-silicon cells (Figure six). To introduce wafers t… Read More